Cost savings from trajectory deviations in the European air space

Air transport deregulation has lead to an increase of air traffic, together with a reduction of air fares. Air fare reduction has narrowed operational margins of airlines, bringing financial and employment instability. This has brought airlines to pay increasing attention to flying costs reduction. Two important components of flying costs airlines can try to cut modifying the planned flight are en route charges and operational costs. We rely on Demand Data Repository (DDR2) data to calculate deviations from planned flight trajectories to analyse the extent to what airlines try to cut operational costs making shorter flights than planned if possible, and cut en route charges providing a planned flight with lower en route charges than the planned flight. Our findings show that there is no generalised strategy among airlines to reduce en-route charges asking for deviations of the planned route. On the other hand, airlines are achieving savings of operational costs regularly. Higher savings per nautical mile are obtained in night flights, with longer planned distance and operated by low cost carriers.     

基于两阶段法的多车型卷烟配送路径优化研究

在烟草商业企业中,物流是其重要的环节,是连接客户与烟草企业间的纽带,其卷烟配送线路设计的合理与否直接影响到卷烟的配送效率和配送成本,就如何合理的规划线路成为卷烟配送的关键问题。文章以Q烟草公司为例,运用先分组后路线的两阶段法对问题进行求解,先利用K-means聚类算法对区域进行划分,再考虑工作量均衡的条件下引入遗传算法对区域进一步调整,最后利用混合遗传算法对各配送区域进行线路优化,通过实例从线路数、车辆数、空载率、配送里程及总成本等指标上可以看出两阶段法的配送效果更优。     

提升我国服务业发展水平的跨位思考

提升我国服务业发展水平,分析我国服务业的发展现状。服务业的产值与吸收就业能力呈现明显增长趋势,但同国际发达国家服务业的发展情况相比,差距明显。研究表明,我国服务业具有向资本密集型、知识密集型现代服务业发展的趋势,并逐渐在经济活动中取得主导地位。     

论"旅游目的地"与"旅游过境地"

旅游地的空间竞争与合作是当前学术界颇为关注的一个热点问题.处在同一旅游线路①上的不同旅游地之间产业和产品的空间竞争与合作是区域旅游竞争与合作的典型代表,较少有学者进行研究.本文在回顾以往研究成果的基础上,分析了旅游目的地与旅游过境地在竞争与合作中旅游产业定位和空间布局等重大问题对两地在旅游开发、投资等方面的影响.     

中国企业对外直接投资的区位选择和路径安排

随着中国综合国力增强和国内企业参与国际经济分工的深化,目前中国企业具有对外直接投资的基本条件和现实需要,近年来关于中国企业如何实施“走出去”战略已成为学术界和企业界共同关注的热点问题之一。文章综合发达国家和发展中国家的对外直接投资理论,结合我国企业的具体实际,对我国企业在实施“走出去”战略过程中的东道国区位选择和路径安排进行研究。     

纳米氧化锌制备技术与工业生产

介绍了国内外纳米氧化锌制备技术的研究进展.通过对国内外制备技术和生产现状的比较,提出以尿素为沉淀剂,以硝酸锌为含锌原料,采用均匀沉淀法制备纳米ZnO的工艺路线,研究了相关的工艺过程及反应条件、反应产物的过滤洗涤和纳米ZnO的煅烧,对存在的问题和今后的研究方向进行了讨论.     

论内审价值实现途径

服务的内向性是内部审计的基本特点,建立新型审计管理体制,加强法制建设,提高法治水平及更新内部审计思维观念,处理好内审与外审的关系,监督与服务的关系,不断提高审计人员素质是实现内审价值的有效途径。     

Airline new route selection using compromise programming - The case of Taiwan-Europe

The decision to launch a new route has a huge effect on the outcomes of airlines in the market. In order to find potential destinations for airlines, this paper utilizes a compromise programming method for selecting direct flight routes. The selection framework comprises two objective functions, with one maximizing total revenue and the other minimizing total cost. A case studying Taiwan-European region destinations is interpreted in the analysis. The results indicate that four potential routes, including Madrid, Milan, Munich and Zurich should be added to the airlines’ service destinations. Therefore, this research suggested that the airport authority could apply incentives scheme to attract carriers to open new routes and add flight frequencies to strengthen its competitiveness.     

What about people in cycle network planning? applying participative multicriteria GIS analysis in the case of the Athens metropolitan cycle network

The bicycle is gaining ground as an inexpensive, fast, healthy, and enjoyable mode of transport, but the development of cycle infrastructures appears to be a necessary prerequisite for supporting further growth in cycling rates. Thus far, few studies have developed comprehensive methodologies for the prioritisation of cycling infrastructure investments, and the role of end users has been underestimated in this process. The unique relationship that cyclists develop with the bicycle itself, their co-cyclists, bicycle facilities, and the urban environment as a result of sensory, kinaesthetic, symbolic, or even political reasons can assist in designing cycle facilities that are more efficient and closer to fulfilling the needs and desires of users. We propose a comprehensive four-step methodology for cycle network planning, which both accounts for the city structure and the zones in which higher cycling demand is possible and uses participative multicriteria GIS processes to incorporate cyclists’ views with regard to choosing the cycle network segments. Our case study is Athens, Greece, where cycling facilities are few and heavily fragmented, although cycling demand has recently grown. This methodology may be useful for cities attempting to introduce and prioritise cycling infrastructures because it focuses on determining where cyclists would prefer to cycle to make such investments more successful in attracting users.     

当代福建企业家精神的文化基因及跨越路径

企业家精神是社会进步的动力,文化传统特质对企业家精神生成有重要影响。在对企业家精神共性分析的基础上,界定福建企业家精神,分析孕育福建企业家精神的四大文化根源,并提出完善、升华福建企业家精神的方法,使之更适合福建市场经济的发展需要。